ღვინის ისტორია და კულტურა, ქართული და უცხოური ღვინის ნაწარმი პარამეტრები

[sable]

ეს თემა ეხება ღვინის კულტურასა და მის ისტორიას!

თუ საიდან წარმოიშვა!

როდის წარმოიშვა!

როგორი გავრცელება ჰპოვა!

რა ადგილი უკავია სხვადასხვა კულტურაში!

ღვინო და ღვინის კულტურა საქართველოში!

ღვინო და ღვინის კულტურა საქართველოს გარეთ!


აბა იქტიურეთ იმათმა ვისაც ღვინო მოსწონს, ღვინის დალევა არ არის მარტო საქმე ღვინო უნდა იცოდე კიდეც, ყველა ასპექტში მითუმეტეს ქართველმა კაცმა!

აბა კიდევ ერთხელ, ველი ცოდნის გაზიარებას მე ნალ-ნელა დავდებ მასალებს იმ თემების შესახებ რაც ზემოთ დავწერე.

[sable]

ღვინის სამშობლოზე ჯერ კიდევ დავწერთ, ქემოთ

ამჯერად სხვა მდიდარი კულტურებსაც გავეცნოთ.
ღვინის კულტურით უხვია, არამარტო საქართველო არამედ სხვა ქვეყნებიც მაგალითად საფრანგეთი, სადაც ამჟამად ვარ რაც ძალიან მახარებ, ამით რაღაც საერთოს ვხედავ საქართველოსთან!

საფრანგეთში როგორც საქართველოში ღვინის მრავალი ჯიშია გავრცელებული. თავად საფრანგეთში ღვინოს ოთხ კატეგორიად ყოფენ:

1.Vin de Table - მარკა რომელიც დამზადებულია ზოგდად საფრანგეთში (მეოთხე ხარისხის ღვინო) [შეადგენს საერთო ფრანგული ღვნის ნაწარმის დაახ 10 %]

2. Vin de Pays - მარკა რომელიც დამზადებულია საფრანგეთის რომელიმე პროვინციაში (მესამე ხარისხის ღვინო) [შეადგენს საერთო ფრანგ. ნაწარმის დაახ. 40 %]

3. Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure - განსაზღვრული რაოდენობის უმაღლესი ხარისხის ღვონო (უმაღლესი ხაისხის Appellation ღვინო შემდეგ) [შეადგენს დაახ. 1 % საერთო ფრანგული ღვინის ნაწარმის]

4. Appellation d’origine contrôlée - რომელიც განსაზღვრავს ღვინის წარმოშობასა და ადგილმდებარეობის მკაცრ კონტროლსა და აწესებს აღნიშნულ მარკაზე შესაბამის პატენტს და აძლევს მათ უმაღლეს ხარიხს. აღნიშნული წესი 15 საუკუნიდან მოქმედებს, ხოლო თანამედროვე კანონმდებლობით 1919 წლიდან განისაზღვრა. [ყველაზე დიდი რაოდენობით იწარმოება და შეადგენს საერთო ფრანგული ღვინის ნაწარმის დაახ. 50 %]

ესეც აღნიშნული ხარისხის მატარებელი ღვინოების სრული ჩამონათვალი (საფრანგეთი):
Ajaccio Corsica Separate AOC 1984, previously a designation within Corse or Vin du Corse under the alternative names Ajaccio or Coteaux d'Ajaccio
Aloxe-Corton Burgundy AOC in 1938
Alsace Alsace AOC in 1945
Alsace Grand Cru Alsace AOC in 1975
Anjou Loire AOC in 1936
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire Loire AOC in 1946
Anjou-Gamay Loire AOC in 1936
Anjou Villages Loire AOC in 1991
Anjou Villages Brissac Loire AOC in 1998
Arbois Jura AOC in 1936
Auxey-Duresses Burgundy AOC in 1970
Bandol Provence AOC in 1941
Banyuls Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1972
Banyuls Grand Cru Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1972
Barsac Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bâtard-Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Béarn South West France AOC in 1975
Beaujolais Beaujolais AOC in 1937
Beaujolais-Villages Beaujolais AOC in 1937
Beaumes de Venise Rhône Separate AOC in 2005, previously a part of Côtes du Rhône Villages
Beaune Burgundy AOC in 1936
Bellet Provence AOC in 1941
Bergerac South West France AOC in 1936
Bergerac sec South West France AOC in 1936
Bergerac rosé South West France AOC in 1936
Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Blanquette de Limoux Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1981
Blanquette méthode ancestrale Languedoc AOC in 1981
Blaye Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bonnes-Mares Burgundy AOC in 1936
Bonnezeaux Loire AOC in 1951
Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux clairet Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux Côtes de Francs Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux moelleux Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux rosé Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux sec Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Bordeaux supérieur Bordeaux AOC in 1943
Bourgogne Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne aligoté Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne clairet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne Hautes-côtes de Beaune Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne Hautes-côtes de Nuits Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgogne rosé Burgundy AOC in 1937
Bourgueil Loire AOC in 1937
Bouzeron Burgundy AOC under this name in 1998, the designation Bourgogne aligoté Bouzeron previously existed since 1937
Brouilly Beaujolais AOC in 1938
Bugey Bugey AOC in 2009
Buzet South West France AOC in 1973 under the name Côtes de Buzet, changed to Buzet in 1986
Cabardès Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1999, as VDQS also known under the alternative name Côtes du Cabardès et de l'Orbiel
Cabernet d'Anjou Loire AOC in 1964
Cabernet de Saumur Loire AOC in 1964
Cadillac Bordeaux AOC in 1973
Cahors South West France AOC in 1971
Canon Fronsac Bordeaux AOC in 1939 under the name Côtes Canon Fronsac, name changed to Canon Fronsac in 1964
Cassis Provence AOC in 1936
Cérons Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Chablis Burgundy AOC in 1938
Chablis Grand Cru Burgundy AOC in 1938
Chablis Premier Cru Burgundy AOC in 1938
Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1937
Chambertin-Clos-de-Bèze Burgundy AOC in 1937
Chambolle-Musigny Burgundy AOC in 1936
Champagne Champagne AOC in 1936
Charmes-Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1937
Chassagne-Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1970
Château-Chalon Jura AOC in 1936
Château-Grillet Rhône AOC in 1936
Châteauneuf-du-Pape Rhône AOC in 1936
Châtillon-en-Diois Rhône AOC in 1975
Chaume Loire Until 2003 and 2005-2007 a village designation within Coteaux du Layon. Created as a separate AOC in 2003 under the name Chaume Premier Cru des Coteaux du Layon, which was annulled in 2005. Chaume created anew as an AOC in 2007.
Chénas Beaujolais AOC in 1936
Chevalier-Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Cheverny Loire AOC in 1993
Chinon Loire AOC in 1937
Chiroubles Beaujolais AOC in 1936
Chorey-les-Beaune Burgundy AOC in 1970
Clairette de Bellegarde Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1949
Clairette de Die Rhône AOC in 1993
Clairette du Languedoc Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1965
Clos des Lambrays Burgundy AOC in 1981, previously a Premier Cru vineyard in Morey-Saint-Denis
Clos de Tart Burgundy AOC in 1939
Clos de Vougeot Burgundy AOC in 1937
Clos Saint-Denis Burgundy AOC in 1936
Collioure Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1971
Condrieu Rhône AOC in 1940
Corbières Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1985
Cornas Rhône AOC in 1938
Corse or Vin de Corse Corsica AOC in 1976
Corton Burgundy AOC in 1937
Corton-Charlemagne Burgundy AOC in 1937
Costières de Nîmes Rhône Became AOC in 1986 as Costières du Gard, renamed to Costières de Nîmes in 1989, and in 2004 reassigned to the Rhône region
Côte de Beaune Burgundy AOC in 1972
Côte de Brouilly Beaujolais AOC in 1938
Côte de Nuits-villages Burgundy AOC in 1964
Côte-Rôtie Rhône AOC in 1940
Coteaux Champenois Champagne AOC in 1974
Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence Provence AOC in 1985
Coteaux de Die Rhône AOC in 1993
Coteaux de l'Aubance Loire AOC in 1950
Coteaux de Pierrevert Provence AOC in 1998
Coteaux du Giennois Loire AOC in 1998
Coteaux du Languedoc Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1985
Coteaux du Layon Loire AOC in 1950
Coteaux du Loir Loire AOC in 1948
Coteaux du Lyonnais Lyonnais AOC in 1984
Coteaux du Tricastin Rhône AOC in 1973
Coteaux du Vendômois Loire AOC in 2001
Coteaux Varois Provence AOC in 1993
Côtes de Bergerac South West France AOC in 1936
Côtes de Bergerac Blanc South West France AOC in 1936
Côtes de Blaye Bordeaux AOC in 1995, formerly part of Blaye
Côtes de Bourg Bordeaux AOC in 1936 for red wines, in 1941 for white wines
Côtes de Castillon Bordeaux Separate AOC in 1989, formerly Côtes de Castillon could be added to Bordeaux AOC
Côtes de Duras South West France AOC in 1937
Côtes du Forez Burgundy AOC in 2000
Côtes de la Malepère Languedoc AOC in 2007
Côtes de Provence Provence AOC in 1977
Côtes de Toul Eastern France AOC in 1998
Côtes du Jura Jura AOC in 1937
Côtes du Luberon Rhône AOC in 1988
Côtes du Marmandais South West France AOC in 1990
Côtes du Rhône Rhône AOC in 1937
Côtes du Rhône Villages Rhône AOC in 1966
Côtes du Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1977
Côtes du Roussillon Villages Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1977
Côtes du Ventoux Rhône AOC in 1973
Côtes du Vivarais Rhône AOC in 1999
Cour-Cheverny Loire AOC in 1993
Crémant d'Alsace Alsace AOC in 1976
Crémant de Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC in 1990
Crémant de Bourgogne Burgundy AOC in 1975
Crémant de Die Rhône AOC in 1993
Crémant du Jura Jura AOC in 1995
Crémant de Limoux Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1990
Crémant de Loire Loire AOC in 1975
Crépy Savoy AOC in 1948
Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Crozes-Hermitage Rhône AOC in 1937
Échezeaux Burgundy AOC in 1937
Entre-Deux-Mers Bordeaux AOC in 1937
Faugères Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1982
Fitou Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1948
Fixin Burgundy AOC in 1936
Fleurie Beaujolais AOC in 1936
Fronsac Bordeaux AOC in 1937 under the name Côtes de Fronsac, name changed to Fronsac in 1976
Fronton South West France AOC 1975 under the name Côtes du Frontonnais, name changed to Fronton in 2005
Gaillac South West France AOC in 1970
Gevrey-Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1936
Gigondas Rhône AOC in 1971
Givry Burgundy AOC in 1946
Grands Échezeaux Burgundy AOC in 1936
Graves Bordeaux AOC in 1937
Graves de Vayres Bordeaux AOC in 1937
Graves Supérieures Bordeaux AOC in 1937
Griotte-Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1937
Haut-Médoc Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Haut-Montravel South West France AOC in 1937
Hermitage Rhône AOC in 1937
Irancy Burgundy AOC under this name in 1999, the designation Bourgogne Irancy previously existed since 1937
Irouléguy South West France AOC in 1970
Juliénas Beaujolais AOC in 1938
Jurançon South West France AOC in 1936
L'Étoile Jura AOC in 1937
Ladoix Burgundy AOC in 1970
Lalande-de-Pomerol Bordeaux AOC 1936
La Tâche Burgundy AOC in 1936
Les Baux-de-Provence Provence Separate AOC 1995, previously part of Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence
Limoux Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1981
Lirac Rhône AOC in 1947
Listrac-Médoc Bordeaux Separate AOC in 1957 under the name Listrac, also part of the area for Haut-Médoc. Change of name to Listrac-Médoc in 1986.
Loupiac AOC Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Lussac-Saint-Émilion Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Mâcon Burgundy AOC in 1937
Mâcon supérieur Burgundy AOC in 1937
Mâcon-villages Burgundy AOC in 1937
Madiran South West France AOC in 1948
Maranges Burgundy AOC in 1989
Marcillac South West France AOC in 1990
Margaux Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Marsannay Burgundy AOC in 1987
Maury Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1972
Mazis-Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1937
Médoc Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Menetou-Salon Loire AOC in 1959
Mercurey Burgundy AOC in 1936
Meursault Burgundy AOC in 1970
Minervois Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1985
Minervois-La Livinière Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1999
Monbazillac South West France AOC in 1936
Montagne Saint-Émilion Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Montagny Burgundy AOC in 1936
Monthelie Burgundy AOC in 1970
Montlouis Loire AOC in 1938
Montrachet Burgundy AOC in 1937
Montravel South West France AOC in 1937
Morey-Saint-Denis Burgundy AOC in 1936
Morgon Beaujolais AOC in 1936
Moulin à vent Beaujolais AOC in 1936
Moulis or Moulis-en-Médoc Bordeaux AOC in 1938
Muscadet Loire AOC in 1937
Muscadet-Coteaux de la Loire Loire AOC in 1936
Muscadet-Côtes de Grandlieu Loire AOC in 1994
Muscadet-Sèvre et Maine Loire AOC in 1936, also written Muscadet de Sèvre et Maine
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise Rhône AOC in 1945
Muscat de Lunel Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1943
Muscat de Mireval Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1959
Muscat de Rivesaltes Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1972
Muscat de Saint-Jean de Minervois Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1949
Nuits-Saint-Georges Burgundy AOC in 1972
Orléans Loire AOC in 2006
Orléans-Cléry Loire AOC in 2006
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh South West France AOC in 1948
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec South West France AOC in 1948
Palette Provence AOC 1948
Patrimonio Corsica Separate AOC 1984, previously a designation within Corse or Vin du Corse
Pauillac Bordeaux AOC 1936
Pécharmant South West France AOC in 1946
Pernand-Vergelesses Burgundy AOC in 1970
Pessac Léognan Bordeaux Separate AOC 1987, previously part of Graves AOC
Petit Chablis Burgundy AOC in 1944
Pineau des Charentes Charente AOC 1945
Pomerol Bordeaux AOC 1936
Pommard Burgundy AOC 1936
Pouilly-Fuissé Burgundy AOC 1936
Pouilly-Fumé Loire AOC 1937, may also be written Blanc Fumé de Pouilly
Pouilly-Lochè Burgundy AOC 1940
Pouilly-sur-Loire Loire AOC in 1937
Pouilly-Vinzelles Burgundy AOC 1940
Premières Côtes de Blaye Bordeaux AOC in 1994, formerly part of Blaye
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC in 1937
Puisseguin Saint-Émilion Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Puligny-Montrachet Burgundy AOC 1970
Quarts de Chaume Loire AOC in 1954
Quincy Loire AOC in 1936
Régnié Beaujolais AOC in 1988
Reuilly Loire AOC in 1937
Richebourg Burgundy AOC in 1936
Rivesaltes Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1997
Rosé de Loire Loire AOC in 1974
Rosé des Riceys Champagne AOC in 1971
Rosette South West France AOC in 1946
Roussette de Savoie Savoy AOC in 1973
Roussette du Bugey Bugey AOC in 2009
Ruchottes-Chambertin Burgundy AOC in 1937
Rully Burgundy AOC in 1939
Saint-Amour Beaujolais AOC in 1946
Saint-Aubin Burgundy AOC in 1970
Saint-Bris Burgundy AOC in 2003, as VDQS previously known as Sauvignon de Saint-Bris
Saint-Chinian Languedoc-Roussillon AOC in 1982
Saint-Émilion Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Saint-Émilion grand cru Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Saint-Estèphe Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Saint-Georges Saint-Émilion Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Saint-Joseph Rhône AOC in 1956
Saint-Julien Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil Loire AOC in 1937
Saint-Péray Rhône AOC in 1936
Saint-Pourçain Loire AOC in 2009
Saint-Romain Burgundy AOC in 1970
Saint-Véran Burgundy AOC in 1971
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux Bordeaux AOC 1937
Sancerre Loire AOC 1936
Santenay Burgundy AOC in 1970
Saumur Loire AOC 1936
Saumur-Champigny Loire AOC 1936
Saumur mousseux Loire AOC 1976
Saussignac South West France AOC in 1982
Sauternes Bordeaux AOC in 1936
Savennières Loire AOC in 1952
Savennières-Coulée-de-Serrant Loire AOC in 1952
Savennières-Roche-aux-Moines Loire AOC in 1952
Savigny-lès-Beaune Burgundy AOC in 1970
Seyssel Savoy AOC in 1942
Tavel Rhône AOC in 1936
Touraine Loire AOC in 1939 under the name Coteaux de Touraine, changed to Touraine in 1953
Touraine-Amboise Loire AOC in 1939
Touraine-Azay-le-Rideau Loire AOC in 1939
Touraine-Mesland Loire AOC in 1939
Touraine Noble Joué Loire AOC in 2001
Vacqueyras Rhône AOC in 1990
Valençay Loire AOC in 2004
Vin de Savoie Savoy AOC in 1973
Viré-Clessé Burgundy AOC in 1999, previously the two designations Mâcon-Clessé and Mâcon-Viré existed within Mâcon AOC since 1937
Vinsobres Rhône Separate AOC in 2006, previously a part of Côtes du Rhône Villages
Volnay Burgundy AOC in 1937
Vosne-Romanée Burgundy AOC in 1936
Vougeot Burgundy AOC in 1936
Vouvray Loire AOC in 1936


ფრანგულ ღვინის სამ ძირითად სახეს გამოყოფენ :

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ვარდისფერი

წითელი

ამათგან გამოყოფენ მშრალ, ნახევრად ტკბილ და ტკბილ ღვინოს.